[12][18] [55], The year 1869 began with Livingstone finding himself extremely ill while in the jungle. In January 1866, Livingstone returned to Africa, this time to Zanzibar, and from there he set out to seek the source of the Nile. In David's latest book Your Miracle Is Here he opens the word of God to help you discover the path to the miracle God has waiting for you. David Livingston Photography About See all We take Photos! Yet the famous meeting was only the . Found 1 colleague at David Duncan Livingston Photographer. Morrill, Leslie, and Madge Haines (1959). Richard Francis Burton, John Hanning Speke, and Samuel Baker had identified either Lake Albert or Lake Victoria as the source (which was partially correct, as the Nile "bubbles from the ground high in the mountains of Burundi halfway between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Victoria"[54]), but there was still serious debate on the matter. I said I believed he would, if he would not go to an old station, but would advance to unoccupied ground, specifying the vast plain to the north, where I had sometimes seen, in the morning sun, the smoke of a thousand villages, where no missionary had ever been. For the first time, he met their daughter Mary, who had been born and brought up in Africa. MacKenzie, John M. "David Livingstone, the Scottish cultural and political revival and the end of empire in Africa." [6] He was the second of seven children born to Neil Livingstone (17881856) and his wife Agnes (ne Hunter; 17821865). Being a quick learner, Sechele learned the alphabet in two days and soon called English a second language. Honours flowed in upon him. He got horrified in the way slaves were handled at Jumbe's stockade and he described it as" a place of bloodshed and lawlessness". 5.0. [87], While Livingstone had a great impact on the expansion of the British Empire, he did so at a tremendous cost to his family. Schumaker, Lynette Louise, "The lion in the path: Fieldwork and culture in the history of the Rhodes-Livingstone Institute, 1937-1964" (1994). Location 4.8. Livingstone's letters, books, and journals[56] did stir up public support for the abolition of slavery;[1] however, he became dependent for assistance on the very slave-traders whom he wished to put out of business. The experts, stuck at Shupanga, could not make the intended progress, and there were disagreements. David Livingstone was born to a poor working family in 1813 in Scotland. David Livingstone Memorial Primary School in Blantyre. [96], Digital archives unifying these and other sources are made publicly available by the Livingstone Online project at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. David Livingston Work Experience and Education. Further research into diary notes continues. The words are famous because of their perceived humour, Livingstone being the only other white person for hundreds of miles, along with Stanley's clumsy attempt at appearing dignified in the bush of Africa by making a formal greeting one might expect to hear in the confines of an upper-class London club. He has been married to Dorothy Livingston since 23 August 2013. Both were poor, and Livingstone was reared as one of seven children in a single room at the top of a tenement building for the workers of a cotton factory on the banks of the Clyde. He could never permanently convert the tribesmen to Christianity, however. [41] He believed that the key to achieving these goals was the navigation of the Zambezi River as a Christian commercial highway into the interior. David Livingstone Teachers' Training College, Livingstone, Zambia. [17] In June 1839 the LMS directors accepted Livingstone, and agreed to his request to continue studying with Cecil at Ongar until the end of the year, then have LMS support for medical studies in London. [37][49], The prefabricated iron river steamer Ma Robert was quickly built in portable sections, and loaded onto the Colonial Office steamer Pearl, which took them out on its way to Ceylon. [83], Livingstone made geographical discoveries for European knowledge. We focus on documenting the authentic emotions and events that take place at your wedding in a creative light and deliver stunning wedding photography. The ABBA song "What about Livingstone? Em 1834, perante os apelos da Igreja Presbiteriana, que queria mandar missionrios para a China, decidiu preparar-se para assumir essa funo. Using both natural light and strobe lighting, I create the editorial-style photos you see on this site. [14] Livingstone worked hard, got a good grounding in science and medicine, and made lifelong friends including Andrew Buchanan and James Young. Livingstone recorded his accomplishments modestly but effectively in his Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (1857), which quickly sold more than 70,000 copies and took its place in publishing history as well as in that of exploration and missionary endeavour. David Livingston. For these reasons, he accepted help and hospitality from 1867 onwards from Mohamad Bogharib and Mohamad bin Saleh (also known as "Mpamari"), traders who kept and traded in slaves, as he recounts in his journals. In the 1940 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon "Africa Squeaks", a caricature of Spencer Tracy as Henry Morton Stanley erroneously presumes Porky Pig to be Dr. Livingstone in the heart of "Darkest Africa". "The Nile sources", he told a friend, "are valuable only as a means of opening my mouth with power among men. "Exploring Africa in the Nordic Press: David Livingstone, Henry Stanley and the Popular Fascination with Exploration and Adventure in Africa in the Late 19th Century." During the long voyage he studied Dutch and Tswana language, and the captain gave him extensive tuition in navigation. David Livingstone1813 319 - 1873 51. As resident director of the LMS, Philip had continued their policy that all people were equal before God and in law, leading to disputes with Boers, and with British settlers as Philip held that Xhosa people were not to blame for the Xhosa Wars over extending the Cape Colony. His reputation was rehabilitated by Stanley and his newspaper,[42] and by the loyalty of Livingstone's servants whose long journey with his body inspired wonder. Did you stand awhile and stare? During the Holocaust, Nazis referred to Jews as rats. DEAR FRIENDS, STATEMENT FROM STATE SENATOR DAVID LIVINGSTON. In London, his body lay in repose at No.1 Savile Row, then the headquarters of the Royal Geographical Society, prior to interment at Westminster Abbey.[8][78][79]. v. Sophus William, Berlin W. Summary Photograph of painting shows David Livingston, head-and-shoulders . Find more info on AllPeople about David Livingston and David Duncan Livingston Photographer, as well as people who work for similar businesses nearby, colleagues for other branches, and more people with a similar name. Edinburgh: Maull & Polyblank, 1858. A professional photographer moves from the glamour of the red carpet to the streets of L.A. in hopes of raising awareness about the city's homeless issues with a new exhibit. He joined Anderson's University, Glasgow, in 1836, studying medicine and chemistry, as well as attending theology lectures by the anti-slavery campaigner Richard Wardlaw at the Congregational Church College, where he may also have studied Greek. Service 4.5. Art direction elements involve selecting the location of the portrait and helping with wardrobe selection, ultimately making it all look effortless. David Livingston is an American television producer and director. The Moody Blues 1968 single "Dr. Livingstone, I Presume" paints the adventures of Livingstone, Captain Scott, and Columbus with the refrain "What did you find there? "David Livingstone 18131873: a centenary assessment.". David Duncan Livingston is a professional photographer based in the San Francisco Bay Area. The family lived in a single room in a tenement, and Livingstone went to work at a cotton mill at age 10. For the next 15 years, Livingstone was constantly on the move into the African interior: strengthening his missionary determination; responding wholeheartedly to the delights of geographic discovery; clashing with the Boers and the Portuguese, whose treatment of the Africans he came to detest; and building for himself a remarkable reputation as a dedicated Christian, a courageous explorer, and a fervent antislavery advocate. [citation needed] He filled in details of Lake Tanganyika, Lake Mweru, and the course of many rivers, especially the upper Zambezi, and his observations enabled large regions to be mapped which previously had been blank. On 15 March 1841 the ship arrived at Simon's Bay, and for a month while it unloaded and loaded, the three stayed at Cape Town with Mr and Mrs Philip. [60][59], The massacre horrified Livingstone, leaving him too shattered to continue his mission to find the source of the Nile. My goal is not only to capture my client with positive, open expressions, that are welcoming to the viewer alike, but to allow their creative identity and personality show through in each image. The Comoros Islanders had returned to Zanzibar and (falsely) informed authorities that Livingstone had died. Wildlife, Big Red Dress, Light Painting, Property and Events 190 peoplelike this 194 people follow this +599 9 694 8104 sunshineisonline@gmail.com Photographer Photos See all Page transparency See all Facebook is showing information to help you better understand the purpose of a Page. An interesting article about personal branding portrait photography can be read in the New York Times, here. [66], Livingstone died on 1 May 1873 at the age of 60 in Chief Chitambo's village at Chipundu, southeast of Lake Bangweulu, in present-day Zambia, from malaria and internal bleeding due to dysentery. [18] [12][15], The London Missionary Society (LMS) was at the time the major organisation in the country for missionary work, and unlike others was open to Congregationalists. The Pioneer was delayed getting down to the coast to meet them, and there were further delays after it was found that the Bishop had died. Dissertations available from ProQuest. Mary Livingstone died on 27 April 1862 from malaria. He opened up Central Africa to missionaries who initiated the education and healthcare for Africans, and trade by the African Lakes Company. Before this first parting with his family, Livingstone had already achieved a small measure of fame as surveyor and scientist of a small expedition responsible for the first European sighting of Lake Ngami (August 1, 1849), for which he was awarded a gold medal and monetary prize by the British Royal Geographical Society. He went for recuperation to Kuruman, where he was tended by Moffat's daughter Mary, and they became engaged. Curator of the Rhodes-Livingstone Museum. Preskmal rozsiahle asti Afriky a objavil Viktriine vodopdy. Livingstone wrote about a group of slaves forced to march by Arab slave traders in the African Great Lakes region when he was travelling there in 1866: We passed a slave woman shot or stabbed through the body and lying on the path: a group of men stood about a hundred yards off on one side, and another of the women on the other side, looking on; they said an Arab who passed early that morning had done it in anger at losing the price he had given for her, because she was unable to walk any longer. Livingstone made 4 great journeys into Africa, three of them starting in Cape Town, South Africa and the last at Zanzibar. [48], Livingstone was now a celebrity, in great demand as a public speaker, and was elected to the Royal Society. [47] That mission eventually suffered deaths from malaria of a missionary, his wife, a second missionary's wife and three children. [46], While he negotiated with the government for his new position as Consul, the LMS thought that he would return to Africa with their mission to the Kololo in Barotseland, which Livingstone had promoted. As a major European settlement, being close to the Zambezi River crossing over to Southern Rhodesia, the town was made the capital of Northern Rhodesia in 1911. He was saved by Arab traders who gave him medicines and carried him to an Arab outpost. V roku 1866 sa vydal hada prame rieky Nl, nikdy sa mu to vak nepodarilo. Livingstone grew up in a distinctively Scottish family environment of personal piety, poverty, hard work, zeal for education, and a sense of mission. [56], Livingstone is known as "Africa's greatest missionary," yet he is recorded as having converted only one African: Sechele, who was the chief of the Kwena people of Botswana (Kwena are one of the main Sotho-Tswana clans, found in South Africa, Lesotho, and Botswana[66] in all three Sotho-Tswana language groupings). [65] Even Livingstone's account of this encounter does not mention these words. Transmission latency leveling apparatuses, methods and systems . In a famous statement in 1853 he made his purpose clear: I shall open up a path into the interior, or perish. On November 11, 1853, from Linyanti at the approaches to the Zambezi and in the midst of the Makololo peoples whom he considered eminently suitable for missionary work, Livingstone set out northwestward with little equipment and only a small party of Africans. Livingstone returned to England on December 9, 1856, a national hero. After long hesitation from Livingstone, he baptised Sechele and had the church completely embrace him. Then with 114 Kololo men, loaned by the same chief, he set off east down the Zambezi. According to ZoomInfo records, David Livingston's professional experience began in 2005. His life was saved by Mebalwe diverting its attention by trying to shoot the lion. Livingston Falls, Busch Gardens, Tampa Bay, In 19711998 Livingstone's image was portrayed on 10 notes issued by the Clydesdale Bank. [58][59], The cause behind this attack is stated to be retaliation for actions of Manilla, the head slave who had sacked villages of Mohombo people at the instigation of the Wagenya chieftain Kimburu. [88], Only Agnes, William Oswell and Anna Mary married and had children. David is an accomplished actor, director, and Emmy nominated producer who has risen to prominence in the realm of acting coach. Dr. David Livingstone, a missionary, explorer and anti-slavery campaigner, was thought to have been lost in Africa when he was "found" by American journalist Henry Morton Stanley. From September to late December he trekked 750 miles (1,210km) with the artisan missionary Roger Edwards, who had been at Kuruman since 1830 and had been told by Moffat to investigate potential for a new station. In Africa, he established mission clinics and did what he could to fight the barbarity of slave trade. Dr. David Livingstone, portrait photograph. His father died when Sechele was 10, and two of his uncles divided the tribe, which forced Sechele to leave his home for nine years. Others on the expedition became the first to reach Lake Nyasa and they explored it in a four-oared gig. With his versatile capturing style and variety of services, he will make sure. David Livingstone Memorial Church of the Church of Scotland in Blantyre. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Vol. Read more started his journey behind the camera at age 15 and has documented over 1,000 weddings during his career. This argument was reinforced for Livingstone when he attended the Exeter Hall meeting of 1 June 1840 where Buxton powerfully made the case that the African slave trade would be ended if chiefs, instead of having to sell slaves, could obtain desired European goods through "legitimate trade", its effect augmented by Christian missions preaching the gospel and introducing school education. Nonetheless, at a time when countries are being renamed and statues are being toppled, Livingstone has not fallen. Livingstone resigned from the London Missionary Society in 1857, and in May of that year he was appointed as Her Majesty's Consul with a roving commission, extending through Mozambique to the areas west of it. Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. David Livingston, the most prolific director in Star Trek history, is on HoFoCo's board. ", Groop, Kim Stefan. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [28], The Moffats, accompanied by two new missionary families, reached the Vaal River in January 1844, Livingstone rode out to meet them there, then sat in the Moffats' ox-cart talking with Robert for hours during the seventeen or eighteen days it took to get home to Kuruman. In 2002, David Livingstone was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote. Galleries in Paris, San Francisco and Los Angeles showcase the evocative fine art photography by David D. Livingston. Many important missionaries, such as Leader Stirling and Miss Annie Allen, would later work for this group. He brought the ships downriver in 1864 after the government ordered the recall of the expedition. To prepare himself, while continuing to work part-time in the mill, he studied Greek, theology, and medicine for two years in Glasgow. They reached Chibisa's and the Murchison Cataracts in April, then began dismantling Lady Nyasa and building a road to take its sections past the cataracts, while explorations continued.[52][53]. He joined me recently to talk about beginning his career with Star Trek, transitioning from directing to photography, and TrekTalks2, HoFoCo's Zoom-a-thon, where you'll see lots of Trek luminaries.To see Livingston's full \"Still Lives\" photography exhibit . Independent Photography Professional Los Angeles, California, United States. The Livingstone Healthservice in Jardn Amrica, Misiones, Argentina is named in his honour. 415.383.0898 One Woodrow Wilson Plaza1300 Pennsylvania Ave. NWWashington, DC 20004-3027, Senior Advisor to U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate John Kerry, 2023 The Wilson Center. The ordination service was conducted by Cecil and J. J. Producer: Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. https://www.britannica.com/biography/David-Livingstone, Boston University - School of Theology - History of Missiology - Biography of David Livingstone, McClintock and Strong Biblical Cyclopedia - David Livingstone, Christianity Today - Christian History - David Livingstone, South African History Online - David Livingstone, Electric Scotland - Biography of David Livingston, Undiscovered Scotland - Biography of David Livingstone, David Livingstone - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), David Livingstone - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). In the estimation of Neil Parsons of the University of Botswana, Sechele "did more to propagate Christianity in 19th-century southern Africa than virtually any single European missionary". David was a son of Neil Livingstone and his wife Agnes (Hunter). Omissions? There were also tensions between artisan missionaries engaged for lay expertise, and ordained missionaries. They reached the Portuguese city of Luanda on the Atlantic in May 1854 after profound difficulties and the near-death of Livingstone from fever. home - DAVID DUNCAN LIVINGSTON interior photography architecture photography fine art photography testimonials A master of his craft, beautiful photographs, down to every detail. As a medical doctor he treated the sick, earning him the necessary. . Featured In LA Cover-to-Cover: The Hollywood Cure for Performance Meltdown: Take Two Aspirin and Call Dr. Livingston Current Workshop EMERGE 119 N. 2nd St., Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814 Monday Evenings at 6:00 Freeman. He is mostly known for his involvement in the writing and production of the various modern Star Trek franchises. Cleanliness 4.6. [76], The expedition led by Chuma and Susi then carried the rest of his remains, together with his last journal and belongings, on a journey that took 63 days to the coastal town of Bagamoyo, a distance exceeding 1,000 miles (1,600km). 'One was a river. David D. Livingston's fine art photographs are printed in a limited edition of 10 on 100% archival rag paper and using state of the art technology. Named after the famous Victorian missionary explorer, Dr David Livingstone, who explored this area extensively, Livingstone Town was established in 1905. I was a collegiate gymnast and to this day continue to enjoy not only the mental challenge of sports, but the friendly . John Kirk, Charles Meller, and Richard Thornton, scientists appointed to work under Livingstone, contributed large collections of botanical, ecological, geological, and ethnographic material to scientific Institutions in the United Kingdom. [41] Livingstone was part of an evangelical and nonconformist movement in Britain which during the 19th century helped change the national mindset from the notion of a divine right to rule 'lesser races', to more modernly ethical ideas in foreign policy. Prior to joining government, Mr. Livingston previously worked at the Eurasia Group, a consultancy, focusing on energy, climate, trade and technology issues, and as a non-resident senior fellow of the Atlantic Council. The LMS missionary John Philip, after discussion with the abolitionist Fowell Buxton, published Researches in South Africa in 1828, proposing that Christianity would always bring "civilisation" including free trade and free labour. [45] In February 1858 his area of jurisdiction was stipulated to be "the Eastern Coast of Africa and the independent districts in the interior". Artist Website, Sculpture, Painting, Video art, Performance art, Contemporary Art, Fine Art, Artist, David Blaine Livingston Rea, W. F. "Livingstone's Rhodesian Legacy. To enter medical school, he needed some knowledge of Latin, and was tutored by a local Roman Catholic man, Daniel Gallagher (later a priest, founder of St Simon's, Partick). At the age of 21, he was excited by a pamphlet his father got from the church setting out Gtzlaff's call for missionaries to China, with the new concept that missionaries should be trained as medical doctors. My goal is not only to capture my clients picture with positive open expressions, ones that are welcoming to the viewer, but also to reflect their creative personality. On November 20, 1840, he was ordained as a missionary; he set sail for South Africa at the end of the year and arrived at Cape Town on March 14, 1841. david@davidduncanlivingston.com, 415.383.0898david@davidduncanlivingston.com, David D Livingston | Fine Art Photography. ", Livingstone to Lord Clarendon 19 March 1857 Clarendon Papers Bodleian Library Dep. Livingstone realized the route would be too difficult for future traders, so he retraced the journey back to Linyanti. They visited and discussed the area called Mabotsa, Botswana,[25] near Zeerust, North West Province, South Africa. [97][98][citation needed]. in Dominik Geppert, ed.. Wisnicki, Adrian S. (2009). The photos you see here are the digital captures of moments in time as David moves his camera to wondrous effects. [18][22], On beginning his clinical training in January 1840, he returned to Mrs. Sewell's missionary boarding house in Aldersgate, where he had stayed previously when in London. The riverbanks were a war zone, with Portuguese soldiers and their slaves fighting the Chikunda slave-hunters of Matakenya (Mariano), but both sides accepted the expedition as friends.[50][51]. This was the beginning of his lifelong association with the society, which continued to encourage his ambitions as an explorer and to champion his interests in Britain. I'm one of Arizona's most consistently conservative legislators, I've voted for the largest tax cuts in state history, the largest debt repayment in state history, funding for a real border wall to fill in the gaps left by the Biden Administration, the largest . The version edited by Waller in the "Last Journals", published in 1874, left out the context of Livingstone's earlier comments about Kirk and bad behaviour of the hired Banyan men, and omitted the villagers' earlier violent resistance to Arab slavers, so it portrayed the villagers as passive victims. 2 talking about this. [69]:20, Sechele was no different from any other man of his tribe in believing in polygamy. For each shot, my clients and I collaborate to find a setting fit for their story. [77] Seventy-nine followers completed the journey, the men were paid their due wages, and Livingstone's remains were returned by ship to Britain for burial. Only one of his 44 letter dispatches made it to Zanzibar. c 80, C. A. Baker, "The Development of the Administration to 1897", in. He reached Linyanti nearly a year later on September 11, 1855. Dr. David Livingston brings you topics related to business startups and detailed knowledge of business ethics. After teaching his wives the skill, he wrote the Bible in his native tongue. Patents by Inventor David Livingston David Livingston has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. He applied to the LMS in October 1837, and in January was sent questions which he answered. Henry Morton Stanley had been sent to find him by the New York Herald newspaper in 1869. His most spectacular visit on this last leg of his great journey was to the thundering, smokelike waters on the Zambezi at which he arrived on November 16, 1855, and with typical patriotism named Victoria Falls after his queen. The David Livingstone Clinic was founded by the University of Strathclyde's Millennium Project in. [10][23], Livingstone left London on 17 November [67][pagesneeded] Livingstone immediately became interested in Sechele, and especially his ability to read. Blending perfectly within the lush surrounds of the Zambezi River bank, aha The David Livingstone Safari Lodge & Spa offers 5-star Victoria Falls accommodation nearby this impressive natural wonder of the world. Sofa Table Design Sofa Table Decor Table Decor Living Room Living Room Windows Classy Living Room New Living Room Couches Living Room Farm House Living Room Console Table Behind Sofa More information. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). David Duncan Livingston - Project Photos & Reviews - Mill Valley, CA US | Houzz Get Ideas Photos Kitchen & DiningKitchenDining RoomPantryGreat RoomBreakfast Nook LivingLiving RoomFamily RoomSunroom Bed & BathBathroomPowder RoomBedroomStorage & ClosetBaby & Kids UtilityLaundryGarageMudroom This is one of only two of Charles's photos that are known to survive. Starting as a young teen, David bought his first professional camera from his paper route earnings, then went about making his darkroom in a bedroom closet. Also on the team: Blair Burke (general contractor); David Livingston (photographer) Breakfast Nooks 4: Justin Officer, original photo on Houzz 3. The New York School of Photography refers to a loosely defined group of photographers who lived and worked in New York City from the late 1930s to the early 1960s. "A Protestant Verdict on the Jesuit Missionary Approach in Africa: David Livingstone and Memories of the Early Jesuit Presence in South Central Africa." His work and discoveries hadan important influence on Western attitudes toward Africa. My portrait photography transcends capturing an individuals likeness. Urobil vea aj pre skoncovanie s obchodovanm s otrokmi. Get your copy today! I've been honored to serve you and want you to know I've kept my promises. Scottish Livingstone Hospital in Molepolole 50km west of, There is a memorial to Livingstone at the ruins of the. David Livingstone (* 19. marec 1813 - 1. mj 1873) bol ktsky cestovate a misionr. 5 (11thed.). The publication of his last journal revealed stubborn determination in the face of suffering. Livingstone House, Achimota School, Ghana (boys' boarding house). He may have crossed sections of the headwaters of Nile on his final expedition but he would not have known so as these areas were not considered in the Nile watershed until much later. He was brought up in the Calvinist faith of the Scottish church but later joined an independent Christian congregation. Author of. David D. Livingstons fine art photographs are printed in a limited edition of 10 on 100% archival rag paper and using state of the art technology. In his Senate House address at Cambridge on December 4, 1857, he foresaw that he would be unable to complete his work in Africa, and he called on young university men to take up the task that he had begun. The book included his field science, and exceptionally sympathetic descriptions of African people. David Duncan Livingston Photographer of Interiors, Architecture & Product in San Francisco Bay Area & Beyond Mill Valley, California, United States 2K followers 500+ connections Join to. When he asked to extend his probationary training at Ongar, Cecil told him of their wish that he should be employed in the West Indies "in preference to South Africa". Livingston earned his bachelor's degree from Harvard College in 1961 and his medical degree from Tufts University School of Medicine in 1965 . [81][82], By the late 1860s Livingstone's reputation in Europe had suffered owing to the failure of the missions he set up, and of the Zambezi Expedition; and his ideas about the source of the Nile were not supported. By this time he had acquired those characteristics of mind and body that were to fit him for his African career. These famous words may have been a fabrication, as Stanley later tore out the pages of this encounter in his diary. Livingstone Kolobeng College, a private secondary school in Gaborone, Botswana. [56] In March 1869, Livingstone suffered from pneumonia and arrived in Ujiji to find his supplies stolen. 2023 DAVID DUNCAN LIVINGSTON. Since then David has changed 2 companies and 2 roles. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).